Archives for posts with tag: Harm Reduction

Part IPart IIPart III

I have outlined in broad terms why Aaron Gunn’s propagandistic pseudo-documentary fails to even begin to address the drug crisis in Vancouver. It ignores the actual causes of drug use, it cherry-picks data from already irrelevant sources, and it does not even attempt to rebut the massive amount of evidence supporting harm reduction, and, to a lesser extent, safe supply (mostly because it is a new, statistically small project with little data currently available). Instead, it demonizes drugs and through them the drug user, painting them as violent and unpredictable. He films tent cities, likely without consent, and never actually asks any of the residents how or why they’re in that situation. Drug users are a pornographic threat, dirty and alluring, and the only solution he offers is to utilize state violence to enforce abstinence by any means necessary.

The pornographic content that I know you’re here for!

Gunn suggests that he and those ideologically akin to him are the only ones who actually care about drug users. He claims the Woke Left want to keep drug users in the slums, stuck in addiction, stuck in poverty, and it is only by making drug users “better” that they can be saved. Much in the same way that infamous LGBT antagonist Anita Bryant claimed that she didn’t hate homosexuals, Gunn seeks salvation for the morally fallen. This is why there is so much emphasis in the real world of right-wing politics to force people who use drugs into treatment – they need to be saved! Of course, there aren’t enough beds out there for those who want to go into treatment voluntarily, but despite this miniscule logistical anomaly, we must force these sinners into repentance for their own good. You’ll hear talk of treatment beds as a panacea to the drug crisis without anyone actually pointing to solid evidence that bed-based/residential treatment actually works any better than anything else people are doing, with some evidence showing that the risk of overdose increases after treatment because the person’s opiate tolerance has evaporated. This is because treatment isn’t treatment in this context; it’s conversion therapy. “Beds” are only a measure of our capacity to eliminate sin. The goal is erasure, and erasure on a massive scale does not consider pesky irritants like research, studies, or the voices of the people being erased.

When the threat of hellfire isn’t enough!

This is why analyzing this kind of propaganda is important. Gunn released this trash leading up to the Vancouver municipal election, and the right-leaning ABC Party under Ken Sim won a solid majority on a platform nearly identical in ideology to that of Vancouver Is Dying – we need law and order to combat drug use and random violence! Interestingly, in trying to find years old news coverage about Sim’s platform, I stumbled on a fun little update to all those stranger attacks so prominent in the film – apparently there was a massive decrease in stranger attacks when the pandemic was winding down in 2022, and the police just didn’t release those statistics during the election campaign of the right-wing candidate they had endorsed. Remember how Gunn neglects the pandemic when talking about crime? Perhaps the fear of crime was sensationalized by opportunists hoping to push emotionally-driven policy with no regard for what the truth actually is. ANYWAY, I DIGRESS!

Who could have guessed??

So what does erasure look like in real world scenarios? Perhaps the event that received the most news coverage was the police sweep that cleared the encampment from Hastings Street which Gunn so callously captured in his more voyeuristic shots. This was completed without any thought as to where these human beings might go, and as expected, the problem didn’t go away – people just didn’t have their tents and meager belongings anymore. But there’s more: Vancouver’s ABC party shut down a street market that many homeless people utilized to acquire cheap secondhand goods, moving it to a less accessible indoor location with fewer stalls for vendors. These goods could be the result of theft and organized crime, dontcha know, which is scary! Getting rid of the observable and centralized market is obviously not going to reduce theft, but there is only one outcome that matters: erasure. The city of Vancouver also chose not to renew the lease for the Thomus Donaghy Overdose Prevention Site which has a centralized location close to an abundance of drug users. With overdose deaths through the roof, it sure would make sense to have a space where it could be done safely with some medical oversight! But alas, erasure demands the elimination of anything that might support the scary and bad thing. There’s more: Vancouver downsized CRAB Park – the only sanctioned tent city – for safety reasons. Tent cities are the never-ending symbol of erasure as they pop up and are cleared off with metronomic consistency, from Oppenheimer to Strathcona Park to one that popped up and was shut down near to where I live – all eventually cordoned off by the blue metal fence.

Seriously though, check out the Crackdown podcast linked above about Oppenheimer Park being shut down

It’s not just Vancouver, and that’s my point. An encampment in Prince George was evicted as well, leading the federal housing advocate to call it a “human rights violation” based solely on the fact that it was evicting people from somewhere with nowhere else for them to go. Federally, the Conservatives have been railing against the science of harm reduction, going so far as to blame every last drug overdose death in BC on decriminalization – a pilot project meant to reduce police interactions with drug users (not actually reduce drug deaths) which was a thrilling success, with a 77% decrease in possession charges and a 96% decrease in drug possession seizures! The problem was that people started to see more drug use – the exact opposite of erasure – and that made them uncomfortable. This discomfort unfortunately is the perfect gateway drug to emotionally-driven tripe like that being peddled by Gunn! (Of note, Gunn claims that police don’t actually harass drug users, which is clearly not borne out by the statistic that 96% of police seizures were under the 2.5 grams for personal use before that amount was decriminalized – perhaps this was part of when he mentions that police will “stop and talk to people on the street.” Even if someone isn’t being locked up, that doesn’t eliminate the harassment!)

I’m sure Gunn would comply without complaint to enduring this repeatedly and without reason

What if we could reduce the harms of hard drugs to such an extent that they were no more harmful than alcohol (which in social costs is technically higher than heroin, but haha who cares, right!?). Anyway, let’s say that the drug supply was sufficiently harmonized that it was no longer causing overdoses, that the tools to use it safely were widely available to eliminate the threat of diseases, that the crimes associated with its sale were eliminated, and so on. It is possible – remember we literally used to give legal opiates to children! This is what Gunn fears – he’s actually quite explicit in this when he cites the dangers of “normalization.” What if opiates became so banal that their use was equivalent to enjoying a beer at a hockey game? Or equivalent to cigarettes, where they were discouraged but still mostly tolerated? Perish the God damned thought!

To bring things back to Anita Bryant, it’s important to remember that talking about doing anything about the AIDS epidemic was fearfully seen to be “normalizing” homosexuality. If the homosexuals are dying, well, that’s only because they’re sinners. We’re the only ones trying to save them by praying the gay away, and anyone trying to increase their life expectancy is actually endorsing homosexuality – they’re basically sinners themselves. The parallels to Vancouver Is Dying are endless, and the previous allusion to conversion therapy is depressingly apt. If drug use becomes normal, then people might start being accepting toward drug users!!

Eagerly awaiting the parody that sings about how everyone has unmanaged childhood trauma to a catchy tune!

In my professional life as a health care social worker, I came across multiple people who saw this film and were swayed by it – people who ought to have known better – but I get it! Emotions run deep, and playing to them is a likely way to win in politics, particularly on the right. Crime is scary! The stereotypical drug user, an unkempt man covered in filth and drool with a needle sticking out of his arm, is gross! These are valid emotions! But manipulating those emotions to erase a vulnerable population because you think their lifestyle is a sin has been done before with similarly deadly consequences. Between 1981 and 1988 in the United States, there were 46,134 deaths related to AIDS. In Canada, with a fraction of the American population, there have been 42,494 deaths between 2016 and 2023 related to opiates. I know that it’s not a contest, but my point is that the fear, the moralizing, and the disinformation being put out is just as disgusting now as it was then and that this shit matters. These deaths matter. Anyone who seeks to erase a population is contributing to those deaths because the outcome is essentially the same – the drug user exists no longer by one means or another, and the likes of Gunn don’t seem to mind which route they follow. They don’t see a disease, just a people they define as a disease.

To conclude this excruciatingly long series of posts, Aaron Gunn, your film is toxic and manipulative, degrades human beings, and encourages their deaths. Now you are hoping to become a federal Conservative, with looming control over these people’s lives. A pie to your face is the least you deserve.

Part IPart II

2023 is over, and while the final numbers are yet to be tallied, it’s generally expected to be another record-breaking year for drug overdose deaths. What surprises me the most about this is that Vancouver has had an injection of additional police, 100 of them in fact, and the abysmal numbers of equally promised mental health nurses certainly would be irrelevant. Drug deaths are the result of degenerates not having sufficient consequences for their actions, so surely there must be some kind of mistake. I can’t imagine that venerated and Oscar-snubbed documentary Vancouver Is Dying would mislead me in any way. Surely my fears should be allayed; my condemnation of drugs vindicated, and yet, the fear persists, and drugs keep killing.

I deadly serious. And don’t call me, Shirley.

I’m sure Aaron Gunn, the auteur of this masterpiece, would suggest that it’s all that darned harm reduction that’s keeping these deaths high. In fact he does. I’m doing a bit; perhaps you’ve forgotten since it’s been so long since my last blog on this, but I’m trying to provide an analysis of this… whatever Vancouver Is Dying is supposed to be. Harm reduction paradoxically perpetuates harm, as per Gunn. His masterclass in logic points to the fact that Insite, the supervised injection site, has been around since 2003, and yet drug deaths have soared since then. And it’s true! Drug deaths have soared. It’s a weird leap of logic though because Insite has reversed 11,856 overdoses since it started collecting data in 2004. So like… yes, deaths have gone up, but it’s pretty easy to argue that the number of overdose deaths would be even greater by 11,586 if Insite wasn’t around, right? Like that’s pretty simple and straightforward. Perhaps there are other things going on that contribute to growing drug addiction beyond the measures society has taken to make that problem safer for the people who are stuck with it.

Of course, harm reduction isn’t actually about making things safer. Gunn argues that this is a gaslighting technique used by progressives to hide the fact that harm reduction is about reducing stigma. Stigma is a good thing, actually, because it discourages people from smoking cigarettes or drinking and driving (two notably legal and heavily regulated substances, I might add). We should stigmatize drug users to achieve similar ends (I would love legal and heavily regulated, but I don’t think bullying is the way we’re going to get there, Gunn). Anyway, there is just so much stupidity to unpack in just this small little point then I’m going to take a quick break for a picture.

Pictured: a good thing we should do more of

First, harm reduction and stigma reduction are separate things – both of them are good. Does giving out clean needles for free reduce more harm or stigma? Well, they do a really good job of reducing the risks of contracting bloodborne diseases like HIV and HEP C. Does Gunn not consider those harmful? Needle exchanges and similar programs do reduce stigma in the sense that they tacitly suggesting that people who use drugs don’t deserve to die needlessly, so maybe he’s right. But then he appears to be suggesting that people who use drugs deserve to die needlessly.

This brings us to stigma being good. What?! Education campaigns like those surrounding smoking and drunk driving do not increase stigma; they increase education. People weren’t collectively bullied into abandoning these pursuits – cigarettes became heavily regulated as people became more informed about their harms and demanded it, and when they were informed about the dangers of drunk driving, drug users made informed, rational decisions about being safe while using their drug of choice, i.e. they started using designated drivers and taxis because even though they enjoyed using drugs (alcohol), they didn’t want to die while doing it. Gunn gets really close to encroaching on these obvious parallels to harm reduction and safe supply that would suggest a more rational approach to drug policy, but then just skates by obliviously… or intentionally. I mean, he does suggest that there is no evidence for harm reduction strategies, so the odds are he’s just a moron. It’s not hard to find the citations I’m using here.

And these drug users don’t need an education campaign! They know, better than literally anyone else, the harms of drugs. It’s their friends, partners, and loved ones who are dying. It’s them playing Russian Roulette with their drug dealers. They’re the ones ending up in the hospital with cellulitis from an unsafe injection. They fucking know already. The unbelievable callousness of this infuriating garbage to presume that stigma gussied up as education is in any way necessary for people addicted to drugs, let alone something verging on a solution to their problems. The vilest of slurs would still be too high praise for these contemptible sociopaths.

All of the above

Reducing stigma is about seeing people who use drugs as people. People aren’t a disease. People aren’t inherently a threat. People are worthy of love and kindness. If people who use drugs are people, Gunn is out of a thesis. His goal, remember, is to utilize violent consequences to enforce sobriety within a particular and nefarious demographic. He refers to the “imagined persecution” of drug users because if it was real, if they are people, he’s a fucking monster.

But Gunn loves junkies! He shows this by dismissing their views, demonizing their behaviour, calling them zombies, and convincing the rest of us that more of them need to die. Gunn loves junkies so much that he doesn’t want the government to give them drugs. We’re giving people drugs and then watching them overdose! How foolish of us! He literally suggests that the weight of the drug user vote is pushing governments to adopt safe supply policy – the excess funds of drug addicts are going toward lavish lobbying groups. It’s drug users and their allies with all the political clout these days! All the normies are cynically getting into the safe supply market and profiting off of it, just like Purdue Pharma making money off the deaths of OxyContin – no citations given. All these malicious actors and the naive babies that are drug users that he needs to protect are pushing the government to come together with those who are addicted to drugs like fentanyl, carfentanyl, benzodiazepine, diacetylmorphine (Ha! If only!), and give them… hydromorphone!!!

If all drugs are exactly the same, that makes my argument much stronger, so… let’s make some bold assumptions!

Gunn argues that safe supply perpetuates an illness (I’ve already addressed this last time by saying that drugs aren’t actually the problem of addiction, so I won’t repeat myself here). Safe supply is what is actually causing the crisis that was declared in 2016: a pilot program that started midway through 2021! You see, giving drug users a drug is suggesting they are past the point of saving (of note, being saved means never doing drugs again, not staying alive). Gunn wants to save junkies by putting them into privately-run treatment centres that certainly have no financial incentives in promoting abstinence-only policies!

So what does giving a tiny fraction of opiate users (around 5,000 people get prescribed safe supply out of an estimated 225,000 opiate users) a drug they never really wanted to take in the first place look like? Are they truly diverting and selling their drugs as much as Gunn suggests? In a miraculous first, Gunn is finally right about something!

Getting prescribed hydromorphone when you are addicted to fentanyl is like being given a couple of Bud Lights a day when you’re normally downing an entire keg of blindness-grade moonshine. If you listen to drug users, or look at the research, the metaphor is backed up by a good amount of reality. Hydromorphone is weak-ass shit, and the comparison to Bud Light is apt. The only way Bud Light would be useful to a moonshine-oholic is if you stockpiled it for a rainy day, if you didn’t have any moonshine and were desperate for anything with alcohol in it, or if your loved one didn’t have any moonshine either, was dangerously hung over, and needed a bit of the hair of the dog to get going. Or you’d sell it because you’re addicted to fucking moonshine and don’t have any money. It’s literally the same with hydromorphone – click on a hyperlink for once in your lives and see.

Not this one!

So is hydromorphone contributing to the problem? Well certainly not the deaths, at least – they’re barely relevant on that end. Is it cheaper because it’s more abundant now than it used to be? Sure! Is that actually a problem? Well, given that it’s fentanyl that’s killing people, Economics 101 would tell us that a safer, cheaper alternative would dissuade people from going to fentanyl. So arguably, a street market flooded with hydromorphone is one for the ‘plus’ column.

Also, just quickly, Gunn suggests that doctors are prescribing safe supply to people with schizophrenia, and they are, obviously. Addiction is about alleviating suffering, schizophrenia causes a lot of suffering, so there is a disproportional amount of people with schizophrenia who medicate themselves with drugs. And like… there are problems with giving certain medications to people with schizophrenia – and those medications are for ADHD, and have nothing to do with safe supply. Gunn just wants to throw in one more scare tactic for people who don’t know any better to suggest that mental health (an already terrifying unknown!) is now becoming even more scary because of DRUGS! It’s a simple misleading claim, pulled out of his ass, mashing two ‘scary’ tropes together for the sake of weak propaganda. The use of fear to manipulate people toward a particular ideology is just so glaringly apparent that it physically hurts me.

Are there problems with safe supply? You bet! That hyperlink you clicked on earlier about the research into it suggests that people aren’t actually looking for hydromorphone because that’s not what they’re addicted to, and would be better served by something that actually touches their tolerance level. It’s also only being delivered to a small fraction of the people who need it, and that’s partly because doctors, the current gatekeepers to safe supply, are nervous about prescribing it. If things go wrong, it’s their licenses on the line. That’s why the research, as well as the Chief Coroner of BC, advocate away from a prescriber model. Read things! I strongly recommend it.

I dunno – kinda seems like bullshit

Anyway, Gunn is wrong about more than just the information he provides. He’s also wrong on more research that he never talks about! You’d think he would want to include all the evidence on safe supply in order to provide comprehensive reporting on it, right? The NAOMI and SALOME trials run out of Crosstown Clinic in Vancouver followed individuals who were provided with diacetylmorphine (that’s heroin if you didn’t look it up the last time I mentioned it) daily as a treatment for their opiate addiction. And wouldn’t ya know it, their lives improved! They were able to start working again, rekindle connections, and no longer needed to resort to crime! You know how Gunn acknowledges that drug users will do awful things like crime in order to get their drugs, but then is against safe supply for completely irrational reasons? Well, turns out proper safe supply gets rid of that crime part! Drug users would no longer be desperate, so they wouldn’t have to do desperate things! Why would you need to do a crime in order to get drugs if you’re already getting the drugs? That sounds like a harm is being reduced there – surely it must be a stigma thing.

The lives of the people who participated in these trials improved because they were able to get what they needed without issue, and then they could spend the rest of their time doing whatever. And turns out, that’s mostly healthy things anyone would do because, and I can’t stress this enough, people who use drugs are people. When the trial ended, the government shut down the heroin program because drugs are bad, and the participants banded together to sue the government to allow them to keep taking heroin and won. You know how if you are part of a cancer treatment trial, and the trial works so well that you’re able to live a functional life again, when the trial ends that the trial operators are legally required to continue giving you that successful treatment? Well they are, that’s why they won, and Crosstown still has the heroin program running – for about 140 people of the 225,000 mentioned earlier.

Hmm… perhaps there’s a reason it looks like there hasn’t been much progress with the safe supply program…

Looking at things like research and data, or even just listening to the drug users that he’s talking to, is beyond Gunn’s capacity as a documentarian. Perhaps his shoes are too tight. Gunn prefers simplistic solutions: drugs are bad, so don’t do drugs. Things are only seem complex because those smarmy leftists who love opiates made it that way! If you put our leaders in power, we’ll fix things by getting rid of those people and their confusing ideas! Drug policy shouldn’t be about creating a functional society, it should be about simple moral assertions about what is right and wrong. There is only one right way to live, and laws should be a reflection of that, and if reality doesn’t conform to that ‘right way of living,’ then we’ll play pretend no matter how many dead bodies stack up. Anyone talking about consequences is just trying to cause trouble. We can’t acknowledge any nuance about drugs or it will distract from the necessary truth that drugs are wholly evil because I can’t fathom a world outside of the black and white. Simplicity must prevail over any other factor. There is no limit to how simple a solution can be when it doesn’t have to conform to reality, and that is the kind of solution that Gunn is advocating for here. Drugs are bad, so don’t do drugs, mmkay?

I thought we all learned this was a joke years ago

Back in reality, harm reduction, safe supply, and reducing stigma have all been shown to improve the lives of drug users. The question that Gunn dances around but never asks is, what if we could reduce the harms of opiates to the point where the people who use them could be functional members of society, no more socially unstable than those who drink alcohol or smoke weed? It’s possible – we used to do it before it was criminalized for being associated with the Chinese! This is where the dancing comes in: Gunn cites “normalization” of drugs as a threat that society is facing. What if opiates were as normal as alcohol and weed? This terrifying outcome does not come with any evidence as to why it would be bad – the fears of increased crime and death would be negated by the reduction in those harms from the process of the aptly named ‘harm reduction.’ Gunn can’t imagine a society that does not fit into his moral framework. He’s fighting to obtain that fantasy.

The use of simplistic fears to generate simplistic political outcomes is ubiquitous. The ‘right’ way of doing things needing to be reflected in law expands well beyond drug use. These strategies to manipulate reality to suit a moral panic aren’t unique to Gunn and his absurdities. There are real world consequences to these kinds of delusions, and Gunn arguably made a significant difference with this shit. To find out why I’ve been wasting so much of my life on this gibberish, tune in one last time… whenever I get around to it. Hey, I have a job!

Part IV

When it comes to highest global carbon emissions, Canada is ranked 11th overall, contributing about 2% of the world’s CO2 emissions. On a per capita basis, however, Canada joins other oil producing nations of the Middle East and jumps to 7th place, ahead of the two largest polluters in absolute terms, China and the United States. Because Canada is supposed to be the “nice” country, we make claims of producing “ethical oil” to allay the fears of Western oil consumers not wanting to give their petro-dollars to evil Muslims. Our way of syphoning oil from the ground may make Canadians one of the biggest polluters on the planet, but we’ll be damned sure to do it politely. This brings us to the current debate around pipelines in Canada.

Pipelines are the practical manifestation of ethical oil. They reduce carbon emissions in long-distance transfers of oil (when compared to rail), they produce less spillage than rail, and they are typically built further from communities than rail. If we assume that oil production is going to continue into the near future, which is a safe bet all things considered, then the use of pipelines could be considered a harm reduction approach. If we are going to be polluting anyway, let’s pollute in the least pollution-y way possible. I mean, oil advocates also say that the pipelines are good because they’re going to expand the market, which would indicate more pollution since additional oil production will likely offset the reduction of carbon emission created by pipelines, but let’s sweep that one under the rug for now. All us hippie progressives love harm reduction when it comes to our drugs, why not embrace harm reduction when it comes to CO2 emissions?

It’s okay because the world has access to a needle exchange program

Vancouver is known worldwide for its harm reduction approach to drugs. They give heroin to heroin addicts, so surely their methodology is suitable for examining pipelines from this perspective. Vancouver invested in a four-pillars approach to fighting drug addiction in its city. These pillars are prevention, treatment, enforcement, and of course, harm reduction.

When looking at the pillar of harm reduction, its big caveat is that it does not condone the usage of drugs, but highlights that abstinence is not an immediate goal for some users, thus necessitating a pragmatic approach. Oil isn’t going away any time soon no matter how hard we might wish it to be so, so the first point goes to harm reduction.

Next, it wants to define what the harms actually are. Physical harms of drugs are obvious (death and illness, for example), but there are also psychological harms (the fear of crime/violence/family breakdown), social harms (the breakdown of social systems), economic harms (lost productivity, workplace accidents, health care costs, etc.), and community harms (public disorder, drug litter, etc.). Harm reduction is literally the name of the game, and pipelines do reduce the harms listed above. I mean, there are harms that pipelines ignore, like the aforementioned problem of expanding markets. Also, if we assume the jobs, jobs, jobs promised in pipeline development addresses economic harms, we have to ignore that oil is still a dying industry and renewable energy is the 8th fastest growing market in Canada. Short-term economic benefits may result in long-term harms, but I’m still fine burying my head in the sand over this for right now. Let’s just say that pipelines reduce measurable harms because they still technically reduce some harms.

You know, from this perspective, it looks like oil is going to last forever!

The next course of action within harm reduction is to maximize intervention options. Drug users need clean needles, sure, but they also need stable housing, supervised consumption, safe supply, street drug testing, and so on. Pipelines are one issue. While you can certainly find centrists who will advocate for pipelines being built alongside investments in renewable energy (the current Liberal government is one such example), those investments paints a different picture. Canada spends about $4.8 billion dollars a year on fossil fuel companies; this is not direct cash payments (though cash does appear occasionally, such as money for oil well cleanup costs – $1.7 billion), but includes things like tax breaks, research and development support, etc. Our environmentally conscious Liberals spent $4.5 billion on a pipeline that may actually go nowhere. In the wannabe petro-state Alberta, they spent $1.5 billion on a pipeline that the Biden administration very predictably cancelled. Alberta’s government also spends millions of dollars on a propaganda outlet that takes to task such things like the accurate reporting of the New York Times and cartoons. Remember these are tax dollars, not Big Oil corporate expenditures. When you realize that 10-30% of what the world’s governments spend on fossil fuels could pay for the entire green shift to renewable energy, it becomes clear that this is where we depart from the harm reduction philosophy. In order to truly reduce harm, we actually need to be putting real effort into moving away from fossil fuels.

Are you telling me that being nice about our oil isn’t actually enough to stop climate change??

The final aspect of harm reduction within the four pillars approach is the respect of basic human dignity. Drug users are human beings. They have endured trauma, and in order to cope with that trauma, they use drugs. It’s not a perfect system, but society needs to approach the problem with compassion and respect. However, the planet isn’t emotionally coping with anything. There is no autonomy to respect. The dignity of the Earth does not demand pipelines in the way that the dignity of a human being demands shelter and livelihood. Harm reduction is actually a failed metaphor because the planet is not doing this to itself. It’s an assault that we need to prevent from becoming a murder. Beating someone to death with a cushion may hurt less than a ball-peen hammer, but just because it takes longer doesn’t mean it still doesn’t ultimately lead to death. Harm reduction is allowing a person to do what they’re normally going to do in the safest way possible; the same kind of concession would mean allowing the planet to do what it would normally do as best it could with human beings dicking around on top of it. We are the ones addicted to oil. We are the ones needing intervention. Pipelines are the addict telling his family that he’s quitting for sure this time, but he still needs to borrow $40. A pipeline is not a clean needle. It’s a lie.